Paint composition and process of making same.



106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING R PLASTIC 3 CROSS REFERENCE AARON O. HORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PAINT COMPOSITION AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AARON C. HORN, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of New York, in the county of New York 5 and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paint Compositionsand Processes of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to paints or coating compositions and relates inparticular to coatlng compositions of the oil and water type, all asmore fully hereinafter described and as claimed.

Ordinary cold water paint is a dry pulverulent mixture of pigment,extender, and a binder, usually casein, but sometimes glue or otheradhesive material of the albuminoid type, or a mineral adhesive such aswater glass. In the case of the casein binder a small quantity of analkali generally is added to render the casein soluble'in water,hydrated lime or carbonated alkali being preferred. These paints havethe well known disadvantage that" they are not resistant to water afterapplication and on outdoor exposure for even brief periods in dampweather the coating flakes and peels. The casein under such conditionsis readily attacked by molds and fun i and soon destroyed. The resultsare t e same in the case of interior application to damp walls such asoften are found in mills, breweries, cellars and the like. Yet it is insuch establishments as these that cold water paints are especiallydesired, owing both to cheapness and to the fiat or matt finishproduced.

To render cold water paints less susceptible to the subsequent action ofmoisture numerous proposals have been made, one of which involves addinto the paint a quantity of an oil, prefera ly a drying oil as linseed orwood oil. Such additions somewhat improve resistance to moisture but notsufliciently so for extreme service conditions and moreover do notprevent decomposition of the binder bymolds and The present inventionhas for its object the production of a ready mixed cold water 50 aintwhich will be permanent M will form when coated on a surface and al:

lowed to dry an extremely water-resistant coating, remarkably durable,and substantially unaflected by molds and fungi; and 55 yet without theuse of more than a moderate amount of oil, so that the desired flatfinish Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 31,1912. Serial No. 674,440. M 7

Patented Dec. 31, 1912.

may be secured and the cost of manufacture kept at a reasonable figure.For this purposeI select preferably casein as a binder and tun oil as asiccative oleaginous mao teria ring the casein into aqueous solution bmeans of alkallne material and emulsl y the 011 therewl I o is so utlonor emulsion I add a suitable waterproofing a ent for casem, speclficallya c rome sa 5 or 0 er chromium com ound, and a small quantlty of an acidand a preservative. Pigs!" ments are incorporated wit 1s ve icle.

e usual waterproofing agent for casein is formaldehyde in its variousactive forms, but I have not found this reagent to be reallysatisfactory for the present purpose. I have however determined thatchromium compounds are effective as waterproofers of casein, the actionapparently coming into play more extensively only after the coating hasbeen exposed to light, when seemingly the casein and chromium compoundcombine or further combine in some way to produce a relativelywaterproof body. This '80 waterproofing action is further supplementedby the drying oil, which oxidizing, setting and hardening about theparticles of casein, renders the surface less absorbent of moisture. Theaddition of acid after the securement of solution of the casein is mostuseful and for the following reason among others ;-to obtain a solutionof the casein and proper distribution of the oil therethrough morealkaline material is required than is actually needed to maintain astable mixture, once mcor oration is effected. The addition of acid ater incorporation therefore reduces the alkalinit to a degree whichmakes it no longer harm l as a saponifying or solvent agent. Hence afterthe paint has been applied to a surface and allowed to dry, so littlealkaline material is then present that the casein becomes even morewaterproof and the oil remains free from the dis- 1 0 lntegrating saonifying action induced by the presence 0 an amount of alkali normal toordinary cold water aints.

lnvention is a condensation roduct of carbol1c or cresylic acid andformaldehyde.

Condensation 1s effected so as to keep a portion or practically all ofthe phenolic body in an active condition. Extreme condensa- 1 0 tionshould be avoided as thereby the constituents become so firmly unitedand ither an acid or basic condensin od or atal st may E used.fliarocliloric acid 0 or carbonate of soda are satisfactory. In

the case of cresyllc acid about two arts by volume should be used to onevo ume of 40% solution of formaldehyde. Reaction should be allowed toprogress in the cold, and in making lar e batches cooling may beresorted to if necessary, in order to prevent too deep-seated acondensation. solidification takes place after a few hours and thematerial may be ground and mixed with the paint composition. Such a.solid preservative has the advantage over a hquid or highly solublepreservative, in that it suspends with the pigment better, on which muchof the casein is occluded, so that it is available at the oint mostneeded. Also being little affected by water it remains in the coatingeven after long ex osure to wet weather or other moist con itions. Theuse of such a reservative does not however preclude me om using inaddition any of the usual reservatives such as the fluorg idsorfluorslhcates co er salts, ordinary 110i or Its sul honate d com oundsand t e e. However t e con ensa ion product as above indicated has thedesired degree of insolubility coupled with very slight odor, so thatits points of superiority are several.

The process of this invention and the character of the composition areclearly indicated by the following illustrative formula'--Bring amixture of casein five 4o poun bora two pounds, and water, five gallons,to a boil and when the casein has gone well into solution add verygradually three gallons of tun oil with constant stirring. When this mixure has reached the proper degree of homogeneity add three fourths of agallon of the chrome stock solu Q ti *made as follows ;one pound each ofhromate of otash and concentrated sulare mixed by trituration and threeounces of lucose added. Add water gradually until fie ac1d mixture isdiluted to a volume of about nine gallons, which constitutes the chromestock solution above referred to. The material is preferably ground witsilicate of soda and gl ucose as thereb the suspen mg and coveringqualities t ereof are greatly enhanced To the quantity of the casein andoil mixtures set forth above the following i cut material is used;-twenty poun s of zinc o i and forty pounds of terra alba are mixedwith gallon of ordinary syrupy silicate of soda solution, Q gallon ofglucose syrup, 3% allons of warm water and two pounds oft e henol orma eebod described above. This yields a paint of rather thin consistency. Toobtain more consistent compositions the amount of the vehicle may bereduced.

As stated the formula given is merely illustrative and may be variedwithin quite wide limits as regards most of the constituents. Thedegree'of alkalinity is however an important consideration and theprocess as herein carried out, involving solution of the casein andincorporation of the oil, by means of an excess of alkaline material,and subsequent partial neutralization thereof, constitutes a feature ofconsiderable utility. I do not wish to limit myself to the exactrocedure employed in accordance with the oregoing, nor to the sti ulatedingredients, it being now obvious t at various compatible materials maybe substituted in whole or in part for some of the ingredientsmentioned; and I therefore desire to invoke the doctrine of equivalencyinsofar as same may be herein applicable. For exam le glpg and otherelatinous bodies and ot er lbumjnoid bin ersi or e sa s of rung acid maybe su stitute for t e caseln. ung oil may be replaced by other siccativeor semi-siccative oils functioning in substana y t e same manner. Boraxmay give place to other alkaline material having a solvent action oncasein in the presence of water. Chromium compounds may be replaced byother fixative agents having the same or substan la y t e same peculiarcombining properties. The neutralizing acid may be h. drochloric oracetic acid or other suitable acidifymg agent, such as bisulfatg of sodaand the like.

Pigments 0 course may be varied at will, it being understood that colorsfast to alkalis are required, as a rule.

- I he degree of alkalinity of the final composition preferably shouldnot exceed a definite maximum of strength of 0.5% as sodium carbonate;practically a strength of 0.1%

or less is desirable and for commercial water roof paints shouldgenerally not be excee ed.

To recapitulate, my invention concerns a waterproof or substantiallywaterproof water-and-oil paint and the process of making same; saidpaint comprising a binder such as casein and an oil such as tung oilincorporated with water and an alkaline material, preferably borax; acasein waterproofing agent, specifically a compound of chromium; asaline body, formed by the neutralization by an acid of some of thealkali, preferably being present; also suitable pigment material such aszinc oxid, lithocne terra alba, and coloring agents as es rfi; whichpigment material and if deslred a solid preservative preferably has beenground with water and silicate of soda or glucose or both, prior toincorporation 106. cowosmous,

comma on PLASTIC with the vehicle proper; and the process of ma said.paint or composition which comprises hea casein and the like with anaqueous alkahne solution until solution of the casein is efi'ected,adding a siccative oil to produce an emulsion, then reducing thealkalinity with anacid, adding a solution of a chromium compound,incorporating a pigment and a solid preservative which has been groundin a solution of silicate of soda and glucose or the like and thoroughlymixing the several ingredients, all substantially as described wlthvarious modificatlons and alternatives in the foregoing specification.What I claim is 1. A paint composition comprising casein, s ccative oil,water, alkaline material, a sal1 ne body having the same base as thealkaline material, a chrome salt, water glass, glucose, .and a pigmentcarrying a substantlally oil-and-water insoluble solid preservatlve.

2. A paint composition comprising casein, tung o1l,'water, a trace ofalkaline material, a neutral saline body, a chrome salt, a pigment and apreservative.

3. paint composition com rising a proteld binder, tung oil, a roteifixative, and an oil-and-water insolu le preservative.

4- Apaint composition comprising casein, ng 011, a fixative and areservative containmg a condensation pro not of a phenol.

: cnnss REFERENCE the alkalinity to about 0.1%

Lxaminer tung oil, a-modicum of an alkaline material,

baslc chromium sulfate, and water.

7. A paint composition comprising casein, tung oil, a modicum of analkaline material, a chromium salt fixative of a basic character, apigment, a preservative, and water.

8. The process of making a paint composition which comprises heatmcasein with an aqueous alkaline solution, a ding a siccative oil toproduce an emulsion, reducing the alkalinity with an acid, adding asolution of a chromium compound, and then incorporating a pigment.

9. The rocess of making a paint composition which com rises heatingcasein with an aqueous alkaline solution, adding a siccative oil toproduce an emulsion, reducing by the addition of an acid, adding achromium compound, and then incorporating a pigment and a preservative.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis 24th day of J anuary, A. D. 1912.

AARON O. HOltN.

Witnesses:

ANNIE GARREGAN, J om: F. Vnm'ro.

